NAD+

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme involved in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, serving as an electron carrier in cellular bioenergetics. It plays a fundamental role in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. This pyridine nucleotide exists in both oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) states, enabling its function in enzymatic catalysis and cofactor-dependent biochemical reactions. NAD+ is metabolized through enzymatic cleavage, salvage pathways, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity, with primary clearance via renal and hepatic pathways. NAD+ 100 mg should be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water (BAC).